For other uses, see John Doe (disambiguation).
The name John Doe is typically used in the United States as a placeholder name for a male party in a legal action or legal discussion whose true identity is unknown. Male corpses or emergency room patients whose identity is unknown are also known by the name John Doe. A female who is not known is often referred to as Jane Doe. A child or baby whose identity is unknown can be referred to as Baby Doe or, in one particular case, as Precious Doe. Additional people in the same family may be called James Doe, Judy Doe, etc. Commonly used in the United States of America, though rarely used now in other developed countries.
The Doe names are often, though not always, used for anonymous or unknown defendants. Another set of names often used for anonymous parties, particularly plaintiffs, are Richard Roe for males and Jane Roe for females (as in the landmark U.S. Supreme Court abortion decision Roe v. Wade). The Oxford English Dictionary states that John Doe is "the name given to the fictitious lessee of the plaintiff, in the (now obsolete) mixed action of ejectment, the fictitious defendant being called Richard Roe". Likewise, the Nuttall Encyclopaedia states that John O'Noakes or John Noakes is a fictitious name for a litigious person, used by lawyers in actions of ejectment.
Even outside the specific legal context, the name John Doe is often used in general discourse and popular culture to refer to an unknown person. A famous example is the Frank Capra film Meet John Doe.
The "John Doe" custom dates back to the reign of England's King Edward III, during the legal debate over something called the Acts of Ejectment. This debate involved a hypothetical landowner, referred to as "John Doe", who leased land to another man, the equally fictitious "Richard Roe", who then took the land as his own and "ejected", or evicted, poor "John Doe".
These names -- John Doe and Richard Roe -- had no particular significance, aside from "Doe" (a female deer) and "Roe" (a small species of deer found in Europe) being commonly known nouns at the time. But the debate became a hallmark of legal theory, and the name "John Doe" in particular gained wide currency in both the legal world and general usage as a generic stand-in for any unnamed person. "John Doe" and "Richard Roe" are, to this day, mandated in legal procedure as the first and second names given to unknown defendants in a case (followed, if necessary, by "John Stiles" and "Richard Miles"). The name "Jane Doe", a logical female equivalent, is used in many state jurisdictions, but if the case is federal the unnamed defendant is dubbed "Mary Major".
In Friedman v. Ferguson, 850 F.2d 689 (4th Cir. 1988), the plaintiff pro se somewhat famously used the following creative variations on John Doe: Brett Boe, Carla Coe, Donna Doe, Frank Foe, Grace Goe, Harry Hoe, Marta Moe, Norma Noe, Paula Poe, Ralph Roe, Sammy Soe, Tommy Toe, Vince Voe, William Woe, Xerxes Xoe.
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Placeholder name. (Discuss)
Different fictitious names are used for unknown or unspecified persons in different countries in an informal context, rather than in a court of law or similar. These names are generally understood to be generic.
Arabia
Fulan (Arabic: Ù?لان) (female equivalent: Fulanah, Ù?لانة), Ellan (علان) as a partner. Majhoul (Arabic: مجهول). Taken further, it can become Fulan al-Fulani, or even Fulan ibn Fulan al-Fulani, depending on the intention of the speaker.
Argentina
Juan Pérez, Don Nadie, Fulano, Mengano, Zutano, Perengano
Australia
Fred Nerk, Joe Blow, Joe Bloggs, John Citizen, Joe Farnarkle, John Barry, Simon McCool
Austria
Hans Meier, Hans Maier, Hans Mayer, Max Muster(mann), Herr und Frau Österreicher
Belgium
Jean Dupont, Jan Janssen, Jos Joskens, Duschmol, Duchien
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Marko Marković, Petar Petrović, Sima Simić
Brazil
Fulano (de Tal), Sicrano, Beltrano, João da Silva, Zé da Silva, Zé Ninguém, Zé das Couves, Dunha.
Bulgaria
Иван Иванов (Ivan Ivanov), лицето Х (the person X).
Canada
G. Raymond (male/female, mostly on credit cards and ID, used as it could be either an anglophone or francophone name), John Jones, Jos Bleau (Quebec, French adaptation of Joe Blow)
Chile
Juan Pérez, Fulano de Tal, Perico de los Palotes, N.N. ("Ningún Nombre" or No Name).
China
æ— å??æ°? (Pinyin: WúmÃng Shì, literally "Mr./Ms. No Name"); æŸ?æŸ? (Pinyin: MÇ’u MÇ’u, literally "so-and-so"); (using the List of common Chinese surnames with numbers, etc.) 赵大 (Pinyin: Zhà o Dà , literally "Zhao Big"), 钱二 (Pinyin: Qián Èr, "Qian 2"), å™ä¸‰ (Pinyin: SÅ«n SÄ?n, "Sun 3"), å¼ ä¸‰ (Pinyin: ZhÄ?ng SÄ?n, "Zhang 3"), æ?Žå›› (Pinyin: LÇ? Sì, "Li 4"), 王五 (Pinyin: Wáng WÇ”, "Wang 5"), ...; (using the Heavenly Stems) æŸ?甲 (Pinyin: MÇ’u JiÇŽ, literally "a certain A"), æŸ?ä¹™ (Pinyin: MÇ’u YÇ?, "a certain B"), æŸ?丙 (Pinyin: MÇ’u BÇ?ng, "a certain C"), ...; å°?强,å°?明...
Colombia
Fulano de Tal (probably from Arabic, Fulan), Pepito Pérez, Sultano, Mengano, Perencejo
Costa Rica
Juan Pérez, Fulano de Tal (probably from Arabic, Fulan), Sutano, Mengano, Perencejo
Croatia
Ivan Horvat, Pero Perić, N.N. ("Nepoznati Netko", trns. "Unknown someone")
Cuba
Fulano, Mengano, Ciclano, Esperancejo (female equivalents: Fulana, Mengana, Ciclana, Esperanceja.) Optional surname: de Tal ("of such")
Czech Republic
Jan Novák, Karel VomáÄ?ka, Tomáš MartinÃk, Jan SkoÄ?dopole
Denmark
N.N. (short for latin nomen nescio, "I don't know the name"). More informally, the term Hr. og Fru Danmark ("Mr. and Mrs. Denmark") is used as a generic name for any average Danish couple (similar to Mr. & Mrs. John Q. Public and Kari og Ola Normann).
Ecuador
Juan Perez, Fulano, Sultano, Mengano, Juan Piguabe
Estonia
Jaan Tamm (male), Tädi Maali (an old female, literally "Aunt Maali")
Faroe Islands
Miðalhampamaður
Finland
Matti Meikäläinen (male/generic) and Maija Meikäläinen (female). Pihtiputaan mummo ("the Grandma/old lady from Pihtipudas") refers to the senior citizen not conversant in modern jargon or technical terminology, to whom things have to be explained clearly.
France
Jean Dupont, Paul Martin, Monsieur Durand, Monsieur Untel/ Madame Unetelle, Monsieur/Madame X, Pierre-Paul-Jacques (even though those are three very common, typical distinct surnames, this is often said as a long uninterrupted string, as if an actual composed surname: "or" is added in the middle sometimes: "Pierre-Paul-ou-Jacques")
Germany
Hans/Max/Otto and Erika Mustermann, Lieschen Müller, Otto Normalverbraucher, Meier/Müller/Schulze, Hinz & Kunz, NN
Greece
ΓιῶÏ?γος Τάδε (Giorgos Tade, male), ΜαÏ?ία Τάδε (Maria Tade, female), Τάδε Ταδόπουλος (Tade Tadopoulos, male), Τάδε ΤαδοποÏ?λου (Tade Tadopulou, female), á½?/ἡ Δείνα (his partner), á½? ΦοÏ?φουτος (O Foufoutos), á¼?νας Κάποιος (Enas Kapoios), Α. Î’. Κάτοχος (A.B. Katohos, used for credit card samples)
Guatemala
Juan Pérez, Fulano, Sutano (or Zutano), Mengano, Perencejo
Hong Kong and Macau
陳大文 (male), 陳�明 (boy).
Hungary
Gipsz Jakab, Jóska Pista, Kovács János (John Smith), Pityi Palkó, Ribizli Gizi, XY
Iceland
Meðal-Jón, Meðal-Jóna, Jón Jónsson, Jóna Jónsdóttir
India
Naamalum (Used in judicial purposes as well for male, female and child alike) नामाल�म (in Devnagri). Translates directly into "unknown".
Indonesia
Si Anu / Fulan
Iran
Folani (Persian : Ù?Ù?لانی), Felani (Persian : Ù?لانی), Yaroo (Persian : Ù?یارو)
Ireland
Seán and SÃle Citizen; Irish: Seán Ó RudaÃ, from rud = thing
Israel
Israel Israeli ישר×?ל ישר×?לי and also Ploni ×¤×œ×•× ×™ and Almoni ×?×œ×ž×•× ×™ (as a party to Ploni) or the latter combined to Ploni Almoni (taken from Ruth 4:1, where it is used in place of the actual name of Boaz's relative, whose name is omitted as he failed to perform his levirate duty). Other names used are Moshe Cohen משה כהן, Danny Mendel ×“× ×™ ×ž× ×“×œ or simply Danny ×“× ×™ .
Italy
Mario Rossi, Pinco Pallino, Tal dei Tali, Tizio, Caio, Sempronio.
Japan
山田太郎 (Yamada Taro, a common male name), 山田花å? (Yamada Hanako, a common female name), å??ç„¡ã?—ã?®æ¨©å…µè¡› (Nanashi-no-Gombee, å??ç„¡ã?—ã?® meaning nameless, 兵衛 (hyoue) meaning member of the imperial guard and 権 (gon) being used to describe titles or positions, "Nameless member of the imperial guard". The term was transformed into nanashi-gonbee, meaning colloquial "Nameless Mr. So-and-so), 何野æŸ? (Nanno Nanigashi), 土左衛門 (Dozaemon, a drowned corpse)
Korea
í™?길ë?™ (æ´ªå?‰ç«¥, Hong Gil-dong; male), ì‹¬ì² (沈淸, Shim Cheong; female) ì² ìˆ˜ (Cheol-soo, male), ì˜?í?¬ (Yeong-hee; female)
Latvia
JÄ?nis BÄ“rziņš
Lebanon
Majhoul (Arabic: مجهول), Folan (Arabic: Ù?لان) (female equivalent: Folana, Ù?لانة), Elan (علان) as a partner.
Lithuania
Vardenis Pavardenis, Jonas Jonaitis, Petras Petraitis
Macedonia
Петар ПетровÑ?ки (Petar Petrovski)
Malaysia
Si Anu, Si Polan, Si Polan Bin Si Polan, Mat & Minah
Malta
Joe Borg
Mauritius
Sa Nation la, Sa boug la (for male) ; Safame la, Sapitin la (for female)
Mexico
Juan/Juanito/Juanita Pérez, Fulano de Tal, Mengano, Perengano, Sutano, Juan Pueblo
Netherlands
Jan Jansen. Jan Modaal is used in a similar way to the English the Joneses, in particular referring to average wealth
Nepal
Ram, Shyam, Hari, and other slangs such as Chamar, Ram Kumar Deshar, Sigdel, and Jyapu.
New Zealand
Joe Bloggs, John Doe, Joe Blow
Nigeria
Lagbaja
Norway
N.N, Ola Nordmann, Kari Nordmann, Peder Ã…s
Pakistan
Falana (Male), Falani (Female). This is derived from the Persian equivalent
Panama
Juan Pérez, Fulano de Tal, Sultano, Mengano
Paraguay
Juan Pérez, Fulano de Tal, Sultano, Mengano, N.N.
Peru
Juan Pérez, Fulano de Tal, Sultano, Mengano
Philippines
Juan dela Cruz, Juanita dela Cruz
Poland
N.N. ("unknown"--used to refer to e.g. unknown soldiers at war); Jan Kowalski, Jan Nowak (used in the meaning of "everyman", an average citizen)
Portugal
Fulano, Sicrano, Beltrano, IndivÃduo, Tipo, Gajo, Zé da Silva, Homenzinho, Mulherzinha, Rapazinho, Zé Povinho.
Puerto Rico
Fulano de Tal, Juan Perez, or Juan del Pueblo
Romania
Ion Popescu
Russia
Иванов Иван Иванович (Ivanov Ivan Ivanovich), Петров и Сидоров (Petrov and Sidorov), ВаÑ?Ñ? Пупкин (Vasya Pupkin), имÑ?рек (old slavonic abbreviation of имÑ? рекомое, that is "name to be spoken". Still usable; not a name, but a reference to a person, usually in context of filling in a form), referring to legal entities - ООО "Ромашка" (OOO "Romashka" - "Сamomile Limited liability company"), ООО "Рога и копыта" (OOO "Roga i Kopyta" - Horns & Hoofs LLC), ООО "Фунтик" (OOO "Foontik" - "Piglet LLC"), Завод "КраÑ?наÑ? Ñ?инька" (Plant "Krasnaya Sin'ka"; a pun, in which word "Krasnaya", usually meaning "red", is used in meaning "soviet/communist", and word "sin'ka" means "washing blue")
Serbia
In legal documents, police and court, NN lice (NN person) is used. Everyday equivalents are: Petar Petrović, Pera Perić, Marko Marković, Janko Janković.
Slovakia
Ján Novák, (humorously) Jožko MrkviÄ?ka
Slovenia
Janez Novak
South Africa
Koos van der Merwe, Piet Pompies
Spain
Fulano de Tal, Pepe Pérez, Fulano, Fulanito, Mengano, Menganito, Perico de los Palotes, Fulanito de Tal, Menganito de Cual, Zutano, Zutanito, Sultano, Sultanito, Don Nadie, Juan Nadie, Perengano. Female equivalent: Fulanita, Fulanita de Tal, Mengana, Menganita, Menganita de Tal.
Swahili
Fulani
Sweden
(Herr/Fru) Svensson, Medelsvensson for the average Swede; Kalle, Olle, Pelle, Nisse and Lisa are pretty common when a name is needed as an example. "Name Name" (Swedish: Namn Namn or NN from Latin Nomen Nescio) is used as a placeholder.
Switzerland
Herr und Frau Schweizer, Hans Meier, Hans Mustermann
Thailand
นาย �. (Nai Gor, literally Mr. Gor), นาง �. (Nang Gor, literally Mrs. Gor). Note that �. (Gor) is the first letter in Thai alphabet. Other people in the story are named after subsequent letters: ข (Kor, with high pitch) ค (Kor, with low pitch), etc.
Turkey
Sarı çizmeli Mehmet Ağa
United Kingdom
Joe Bloggs, John Smith, A N Other, R Punter, "Tom, Dick, and Harry", Ronnie (or Ronny) Arbuckle
Uruguay
Fulano, Mengano; Juan Perez
USA
John Doe, Jane Doe, John Q. Public, Joe Blow, Joe Schmoe, Joe Sixpack, John Smith, Eddie Punchclock (for blue-collar workers), Joe Botts (particularly in New York City), J. S. Ragman (U. S. Navy), Vinnie Boombotz (particularly in New York City)
Venezuela
Fulano, Fulano de Tal, Sutano, Mengano, Perencejo, Pedro Perez, Juan de los Palotes, Juan Bimba
Vietnam
Ngư�i giấu tên, Nguyễn Văn A (male), Trần Thị B (female)
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Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Doe"
Categories: Articles to be merged since November 2006 | Anonymity pseudonyms | Common law | Legal fictions | Nonexistent people | Placeholder names
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